Theological Term of the Week: Canon of Scripture

canon of scripture

The “collection of scriptural books that God has given his corporate people”;1 “the collection of apostolic writings that is regarded as Scripture by the corporate church.”2

• From The Belgic Confession, Articles 4 and 5:

We believe that the Holy Scriptures consist of two parts, namely, the Old and the New Testament, which are canonical, against which nothing can be alleged. These books are listed in the church of God as follows.

The books of the Old Testament: the five books of Moses, namely, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy; Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther; Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, the Song of Songs; Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.

The books of the New Testament: the four gospels, namely, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; the Acts of the Apostles; the thirteen letters of the apostle Paul, namely, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon; the letter to the Hebrews; the seven other letters, namely, James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2 and 3 John, Jude; and the Revelation to the apostle John.

We receive all these books, and these only, as holy and canonical, for the regulation, foundation, and confirmation of our faith. We believe without any doubt all things contained in them, not so much because the church receives and approves them as such, but especially because the Holy Spirit witnesses in our hearts that they are from God, and also because they contain the evidence thereof in themselves; for, even the blind are able to perceive that the things foretold in them are being fulfilled.

• From Systematic Theology by Robert Letham, page 189:

Ultimately, the canon imposed itself on the church. The church recognized it, although it took longer for some books to receive acceptance than others. Behind this is the principle that only God can adequately attest the works of God, and so the canon, notwithstanding the many external evidences in support, is self-attesting.

Learn more:

1. Got Questions: What is the canon of Scripture?
2. Simply Put: The Canon of Scripture
3. ESV Study Bible: The Canon of Scripture
4. Michael Kruger: How did the New Testament canon develop? (video)
5. Stephen Nichols & Steven Lawson: How and when was the canon of Scripture established, and by whom?
6. Michael J. Kruger: The Biblical Canon
7. Michael J. Kruger: My Sheep Hear My Voice: Canon as Self-Authenticating

 Related terms:

• authority of scripture
• inerrancy of scripture
• infallibility of scripture
• inspiration of scripture
• New Testament apocrypha
• Old Testament apocrypha

Filed under Scripture

1 From The Biblical Canon by Michael J. Kruger.

2 From Canon Revisited by Michael J. Kruger, page 120.

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Sunday Hymn: I Will Wait for You (Psalm 130)

Out of the depths I cry to You
In darkest places I will call
Incline Your ear to me anew
And hear my cry for mercy, Lord

Were You to count my sinful ways
How could I come before Your throne?
Yet full forgiveness meets my gaze
I stand redeemed by grace alone

I will wait for You
I will wait for You
On Your word, I will rely
I will wait for You
Surely wait for You
‘Til my soul is satisfied

So put your hope in God alone
Take courage in His power to save
Completely and forever won
By Christ emerging from the grave

I will wait for You
I will wait for You
On Your word, I will rely
I will wait for You
Surely wait for You
‘Til my soul is satisfied

Now He has come to make a way
And God Himself has paid the price
That all who trust in Him today
Find healing in His sacrifice

I will wait for You
I will wait for You
On Your word, I will rely
I will wait for You
Surely wait for You
‘Til my soul is satisfied

I will wait for You
I will wait for You
Through the storm and through the night
I will wait for You
Surely wait for You
For Your love is my delight

—℗ 2018 Stuart Townend, marketed and distributed by Integrity Music (part of the David C Cook family)

Theological Term of the Week: Beatific Vision

This term was recently suggested by a reader. (If you have a theological term you would like to see featured here, you, too, can email your suggestion to me by using the contact button in the navigation bar above.)

beatific vision

The hope of seeing God face to face in heaven; “the unhindered … view of God that believers will have in the new heaven and new earth.”1

• From scripture::

For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known. (1 Corinthians 13:12 ESV)




Beloved, we are God’s children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when he appears we shall be like him, because we shall see him as he is. (1 John 3:2 ESV)




Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. (Matthew 5:8 ESV)

• From the Westminster Larger Catechism :

Q. 90. What shall be done to the righteous at the day of judgment?

A. At the day of judgment, the righteous, being caught up to Christ in the clouds, shall be set on his right hand, and there openly acknowledged and acquitted, shall join with him in the judging of reprobate angels and men, and shall be received into heaven, where they shall be fully and forever freed from all sin and misery; filled with inconceivable joys, made perfectly holy and happy both in body and soul, in the company of innumerable saints and holy angels, but especially in the immediate vision and fruition of God the Father, of our Lord Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, to all eternity. And this is the perfect and full communion which the members of the invisible church shall enjoy with Christ in glory, at the resurrection and day of judgment.

Learn more:

1. Got Questions: What is the beatific vision?
2. Sinclair Ferguson: What is the beatific vision?
3. David Mathis: We Will See His Face: What Is the Beatific Vision?
4. Samuel Parkison: What Is the Beatific Vision?
5. Liam Goligher: The Beatific Vision (video)

 Related terms:

• parousia

Filed under Last Things

1 What is the beatific vision? at Got Questions.

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Clicking on the Theological Terms button above the header will take you to an alphabetical list of all the theological terms.